Literature Review Fatigue Analysis in Trabecular Bone

Abstract Normal walking is the most action impose on the skeleton structure. The microarchitecture of trabecular bone plays an important role respect to mechanical properties. Analyse the fatigue behaviour of the trabecular bone respect to physiological activity (Normal Walking), subjected to combination of axial compression and torsional (multi-axial) load counted as the main aim of this study. The osteoclast is responsible for modelling and remodelling of bone and is defined as a large multinucleate bone cell that absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing. Irregularities and disorders in trabecular bone cause to reduction of bone mass and its architecture. The standard method applied to extract bone structures properties is 2D section of bone biopsies. Tetrahedrons technique is applied to calculate bone volume (BV), total volume (TV) is the volume of whole bone structures. Trabecular bone has a significant portion in respect of resisting compression and shear. Data extracted from experimental test is depends on many parameters such as geometry of bone and measurement of strain. Trabecular architecture has a specific properties respect to tension loading. Almost all load due to physiological activates are counted as cyclic loading. Lifetimes were found to be highly dependent on the axis of loading and are drastically reduced for off-axis loading.